Indonesian Grammar : Chapter 3 The Article

Chapter 3 : The Article

In Indonesia grammar,the article is simple and very easy. For example :

An apple : sebuah apel

Sebuah means : one of

A cat : seekor kucing

Seekor means : one of

The Father : bapak

The Cat : kucing

The Cats : kucing kucing

There is no translation for “The“. But if you use “a“ or “an“ (single form),to translate that,you must use sebuah ( only for fruits,plants,island,nature object,and thing ) and seekor ( special for animal ).

In Indonesia grammar, there is no article form for human,state,color and family member.

Indonesian Grammar : Chapter 2 Single & Plural

Chapter 2 : Single & Plural

In Indonesia grammar,we do not recognize plural form,so there is no change between verb in single or plural. For example :

Card : kartu

Cards : kartu kartu

One book : satu buku

Four books : empat buku

If you do not mention the number,you must repeat twice the noun. But if you mention the number,you don’t have to repeat the noun.

Retro Advertisement : Osram Lamp

This is an advertisement in 1934,explained still in Javanese alphabet,that is mean : when you are working.

Osram itself is a foreign product from munich,Germany. In 1934 osram is a famous trademark of lamp company,now in 2016,osram and phillips are high quality trademark of lamps and led,because durable,saving energy,and clear bright ray. The last picture is modern osram led lamp,which still exist today.

Source :

http://sisilain-dunia.blogspot.com/2012/10/16-gambar-iklan-sangat-jadul-dalam.html

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=lampu+osram&prmd=ivns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIpJ3Uj4bQAhUCgI8KHUhsClYQ_AUIBigB#mhpiv=0

Traditional Sea Ship : The Patorani

The Patorani sea ship was first made in 17 century by goa kingdom,in Sulawesi island. The fisher used this ship for catching the flying fish,a fish who has a wing.

Today the native people in Takalar,south Sulawesi,still built this ship for daily fisherman activity. The characteriatic of this ship is only has two big pillars with big square screens.

Source :

http://www.tentik.com/inilah-10-kapal-tradisional-khas-indonesia/

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?tbm=isch&q=real+flying+fish&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiAy9rEkobQAhVLPo8KHf2HB90Q1QIINSgA#mhpiv=18

German Heritage : Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof

Deutsch soldatenfriendhof is cemetery of germany soldiers,located in village sukaresmi,near Bogor city,west Java.

Begin with two germany,emil hellferich and theodor hellferich. In 1903 they move from europe to Jakarta and built a company,named helfferich & rademacher,their business is about distribution of farming and forest resource,from sumatra to europe.

In 1908 they join to associate of enterprise,called straits & sunda syndicate,they focus on rubber export import and they bough this 900 hectare area for tea plantation. In 1914 they at first time built monument to commemorate germany squadron soldier in east asia,writen in monumen a german sentences : dem tapferen deutsch - ostasiatischen geschwader. They come back to german in 1928 and this area was autorized by albert vehring.

When world war period,japan has make cooperation with germany,so germany may built headquarter of navy in Jakarta and Surabaya city in 1943. When germany defeats dutch in 1944,they entered this area and overtaken,so this tea plantation become place recreation and rehabilitation of germany U -Boat soldiers / nazi kriegsmarine.

This cemetery contains of 10 graveyard with type gravestone of eiseme kreuz,begin in 1944 until 1945. Now this site is overtaken by germany embassy,every year in november,germany embassy staff come here to pilgrimage and pray in the tomb. The embassy employ native people to take care those cemeteries and still pay the salary of them.

These are germany soldiers that have buried in this cemetery :

1.Dr Heinz Haake

   Die 31 November 1944,u boat staff.

2.Leutnant Ing Wilhems Jens

   Die 12 October 1945. He was killed by indonesian armies,they suppose him a dutch.

3.Hermann Tangermann

   Die 23 August 1945,dead caused by accident.

4.Friedrich Steinfeldt

   Die 30 November 1945,dead by dysentery disease.

5.Schiffszimmermann Eduard Onnen

   Dead 15 April 1945,he was artisan of wood ship.

6.Leutnan Zuur See Martens

   Die in October 1945.

7.Obgefr Willi Petschow

   Die 28 September 1945.

8.Oblt Willi Schlummer

   Die 12 October 1945. He was killed by indonesian armies,they suppose him a dutch.

9 and 10 are unnamed tomb / grabmal des unbekannten soldaten

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=deutcher+soldatenfriendhof+cikopo+bogor&tbm=isch&oq=deutcher+soldatenfriendhof+cikopo+bogor&gs_l=mobile-heirloom-serp.12..30i10.4327.37205.0.37974.76.57.12.1.1.7.647.13572.2j13j34j4j1j2.56.0....0...1c.1.34.mobile-heirloom-serp..19.57.10977.ME860eoh5rI#mhpiv=19

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=deutcher+soldatenfriendhof+cikopo+bogor&tbm=isch&oq=deutcher+soldatenfriendhof+cikopo+bogor&gs_l=mobile-heirloom-serp.12..30i10.4327.37205.0.37974.76.57.12.1.1.7.647.13572.2j13j34j4j1j2.56.0....0...1c.1.34.mobile-heirloom-serp..19.57.10977.ME860eoh5rI#mhpiv=8

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=deutscher+soldatenfriedhof+cikopo+bogor&tbm=isch&ei=sNwVWMbyBYf8vgTi4a3oAw&start=20&sa=N#mhpiv=1

Source :

http://m.kaskus.co.id/thread/51b9640f8027cfad48000007/deutscher-soldatenfriedhof-komplek-perkuburan-nazi-jerman-di-bogor/

Indonesian Grammar : Chapter 1 Pronounciation

Introducing

Bahasa Indonesia or Indonesian language is a group of Austronesia lingua,this group has sub family for example language of Malaysia,language of Sumatra and language of Philippine,so those languages have similar grammar,resemble between Italian,spain,Portuguese and france.

Before portuguese colonization,people of Indonesia use their ethnic alphabet,but after the european entered Indonesia,the people step by step change their alphabet into latin alphabet,because the european bring the latin alphabet and teach it to native people. Usage of latin alphabet in Indonesia is influence by european colonization and still use until right now,today the ethnic alphabet is very rare and young generation do not use and do not learn ancient alphabet anymore.

In Bahasa Indonesia there is no plural form,no tenses,no conjugation,and no article. For some European tourist,Bahasa Indonesia is an easy language,like a spain,what is pronounce is what you read. In Bahasa Indonesia,those are so much dialect depend of ethnic,some people sometimes use Bahasa Indonesia in unformal form,but in office or for speaking to stranger,they use Bahasa Indonesia in formal form. Now i only teach Bahasa Indonesia in formal form only.

In Bahasa Indonesia itself,there is more 30 % of verb adoptive from foreign language,like : Arabic, India, Japan, Chinese, Dutch, Spain, even English. So vocabulary of Bahasa Indonesia is easier and faster to memorise.

Chapter 1 : Pronounciation

- Pengucapan –

A : a                                                                            

Like you pronounce : umbrella                                   

B : be                                                                          

Like pronounce  : brown                                             

C : ce                                                                          

Like you pronounce : cell                                 

D : de                                                                         

Like you pronounce : drum                                        

E : e                                                                           

Like you pronounce : rent                                          

E : eu                                                                          

Like you pronounce :  earth                                        

F : ef                                                                           

Like you pronounce : fish                                           

G : ge                                                                         

Like you pronounce : get                                           

H : Ha                                                                         

Like you pronounce : hunt                                         

I : iy                                                                             

Like you pronounce : introvert                                  

J : je                                                                             

Like you pronounce : Just                                         

K : ka                                                                         

Like you pronounce : corrosive                                 

L : el                                                                            

Like you pronounce : let                                             

M : em

Like you pronounce : men

N : en
Like you pronounce : number

O : o

Like you pronounce : or 

P : pe

Like you pronounce : pen

Q : kiu

Like you pronounce : quantum

R : er

Like you pronounce : rest

S : es

Like you pronounce : stomach

T : te

Like you pronounce : ten

U : u

Like you pronounce : sue

V : ve

Like you pronounce : verdict

W : we

Like you pronounce : west

X : eks

Like you pronounce : extreme 

Y : ye

Like you pronounce : yes

Z : zet

Like you pronounce : zebra

Ng : eng
Like you pronounce : writing

Ny : enye
Like you pronounce : senyorita

Extreme Culinaire : Sago Caterpillar

Sago caterpillar is a snack from Papua,east Indonesia,this is a young larva of beetle who live inside sago stem and the size is big,as big as like size of thumb. The native people catch them then direct eat in raw,by the bite and remove the head because it is very hard if is chewed,and also the taste so sour because inside the flesh of caterpillar,there is a mucus.

For tourist or daily cook,the native always fried or grill the caterpillar until well done,and the taste of flesh will be very juicy sweet and crunch. This caterpillar is high of protein and mineral,now this caterpillar has become divers dish like cracker,sandwich,even meatball.

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=ulat+sagu&prmd=ivns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiood6Pi4LQAhXCNI8KHeLcD0oQ_AUIBigB#mhpiv=2

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=ulat+sagu&prmd=ivns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiood6Pi4LQAhXCNI8KHeLcD0oQ_AUIBigB#mhpiv=0

Dutch Heritage : Fortress Vradeburg

Located in Yogyakarta city,west Java. Sultan Hamengku Buwono 1,has built simple design of fortress to keep city in secure,but in 1760,dutch government make enlargement and overtaken the fortress to spy royal palace. In the authority of dutch architect,Mr Frans Haak,they built bigger and larger. The fortress has additional function for store gun powder and army equipment.

In 1867 there was huge earthquake in Yogyakarta and these are much damaged on the fortress,then the government renovate it,after that the fortress change a name,from rustenburg / fortress of rest,into vradeburg / fortress of peace.

During the war period in 1946,the fortress have a function as hospital for victim of war. Now this fortress has become museum with historical collection.

Source : 

http://www.google.co.id/search?gq=benteng+vradeburg&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=15

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=dalam+benteng+vradeburg&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=8

Ghost : Palasik

In minang language,palasik means being cut off,the legend myth of minang people in west Sumatra said,palasik is a human who have high level of black magic. For cult to higher level of black magic,they usually need a prey as a sacrifice : baby blood. Palasik is type of black magic by genealogical heritage,that mean if a mother is palasik,so his daughter will be palasik too.

The human if she wants transform to palasik,she will release head and pieces of organ like lungs,gastritis,heart,liver,lymph,and intestines. Then palasik can fly away to the air at night and start to hunt pregnant woman or woman who has baby,or dead body of baby that just buried in few days. 

The mother who her babies suddenly died,she and people of village,know that there is palasik as a suspect,but they can not suspicious and accuse someone who,because it is very difficult to compare between human who has palasik black magic with none.

These images are only illustration shape,according confession by peoples who have sightseeing experience to palasik.

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=leak+ibu+hamil&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=0

Source : 

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=palasik&prmd=ivns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi97eGz0IDQAhVFv48KHS2CAw4Q_AUIBigB#mhpiv=3

Puppet : Wayang Golek

Wayang golek is puppets of west Java,made from wood and begin famous at 19 century,they carve wood into part of human,then sculpture it to pair and stick it until finish,and also they dress up the puppet like a doll.

To use wayang golek,is by put in your hand and grab a wood stick under the body,and the other hand grab stick on the hand of wayang. The man who create scenario and play wayang golek,called dalang,dalang play two character of wayang,every character have one sound,so dalang must play different voice for each character. Those are much character,from antagonist until protagonist.

The story of wayang golek,for formal ceremony like wedding,usually about ramayana,but if they play on television,the story is about comedy with advise for teenager,or something console. Now wayang golek is sold free as a souvenir.

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=wayang+golek&prmd=ivnsa&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjp-oDQqP_PAhUBQ48KHcK_Bo0Q_AUIBigB#mhpiv=7

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=dalang+wayang+golek&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=3

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=wayang+golek+komplit&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=5

House Architecture : Rumah Gadang

Rumah gadang is traditional house of west Sumatra,the resemble one is found in Malaysia too. The number of room is depend to number of girl in family,the old people get a room near kitchen and that house is heritage to woman line,for example from grandma to mother and continue to her daughter.

In the front of house,there is rangkiang,the warehouse to store a seed of rice,between left and right, they have anjung chamber,that is the luxurious room for new bride or chairman of village.

They have surau near the house,that is a small hut for praying cult for single male. Layered by long wood pillars,that have function for anti earthquake,that's why the root of pillar do not buried to the ground,but lay at plate stone,to keep stabilize when earthquake coming.

The upper roof of the edge,has pointed like a horn,that has a function to prevent the rainwater enter in,and the huge pillars make high a ceiling,that has impact the temperature is cooler when dry season and warmer in the rainy season.

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=rumah+gadang&prmd=ivns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8sZSw4v3PAhUcR48KHbDJBXEQ_AUIBigB#mhpiv=7

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=istana+pagaruyung&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=18

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=istana+pagaruyung&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=10

Traditional Toys : Kapal Klotok

Kapal klotok is traditional toys,it is very popular in 1990. That is made by zinc and iron plate,first they design the skeleton of boat form,pile up the zinc,glue it and also paint with interest color,that's it.

How to play ? :

On the back of boat,there is a small chamber of fuel,fill it with kerosene and burn the fuse. Then put it down on the water surface and let it float,the steam from the chamber will stimulate the pipe of canon will move so fusy,so the front canon makes a tone "tok tok tok". Thats why is called klotok.

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=mainan+klotokan&prmd=ivns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiX_8Hmy_3PAhXIKo8KHbguBpkQ_AUIBigB#mhpiv=0

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=mainan+klotokan+minyak+tanah&tbm=isch&ei=rFITWNieGoHzvgSjwLbQBA&start=60&sa=N#mhpiv=15

Wedding Ceremony : Central Java

In central Java,if someone want to get married,the bride wear traditional uniform like in the picture,dominated in black. Before they married,those are much obligatory ceremonies that must to do,these are not all detail,but only the main point :

Siraman

Spill a water to the bride as a symbol of clean physic and mental.

Midodareni

Is dressing up the bride woman and parent feed her as a symbol the last responsibility of parent,because tomorrow she is be responsibility of husband,not parent anymore.

Selametan

Praying together to ask smoothness with none obstruct during the marriage.

Ijab Qabul

The official announcement of displacement status from fiancee to marriage.

Sungkeman

The new bride ask permision and blessing to parents and parents in law,as a symbol to begin a new life.

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=baju+adat+jawa+tengah&prmd=ivns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiSx6jK6PzPAhUHwI8KHRqvBBkQ_AUIBigB#mhpiv=0

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=seserahan+nikah+jawa+tengah&tbm=isch&ei=feoSWLvhI8TbvgTot7tA&start=20&sa=N#mhpiv=14

Art Cloth : Batik Cirebon

Batik Cirebon is an art cloth from Cirebon city,west Java. Every island has characteristic of batik,the batik from Cirebon has different mark,that is shape of dark clouds,called mega mendung pattern. Using a dark clouds because rain is symbol of sign prosperity and dark cloud can represent of rain.

Batik itself is made from liquid hot wax,first step we must drawing a thin pattern to plain cloth,prepare hot wax and spill it into tools called canting. Canting is like a pen which has tube for contain liquid wax,then we just paint and follow the finish pattern and make a thick layer.

Step two,if the cloth has dry,then soak it into colored water,clean and hanging it to dry under the sun. Now batik is not only a tradition,but has become precious lifestyle and successful garment industry,batik usually is used for formal ceremony like weeding,company conference,or official announcement.

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=batik+cirebon&prmd=ivns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz4MS4qfvPAhVMO48KHbRkDF0Q_AUIBigB#mhpiv=3

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=baju+batik+cirebon&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=5

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=pembuatan+batik+cirebon&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=0

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=canting&prmd=ivns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUuZOLwfzPAhXBrI8KHXMHAzcQ_AUIBigB#mhpiv=7

Shopping Point : Kuta

If you have a plant of excurcion to Indonesia,i recomended to visit Bali island. You'd better take a long holiday so you can make a journey to kuta. Kuta itself is a region of Bali on south area,because near of the coast. So many tourist there from asian even western.

Near kuta,there is famous street called legian,around of legian,you can find all facilities what the tourist need like : accomodation, restaurant, supermarket, money changer, travel agent, tatoe house, clothing store, painting galery, rent of motorcycle,accesories handicraft, surfing store, and other entertainment.

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=jalan+di+kuta&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=15

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=jalan+di+kuta&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=5

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=jalan+legian+kuta&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=2

Ritual : Satu Suro

Satu suro is one of oldest ritual specially in center Java,satu suro is celebration of javenese new year. The javenese calender is using hinduism calender,but when the sultan has convict to islam,he changes the calender system into islamic calender but heritage the ancient ritual as a divers culture must go on.

He decides to celebrate satu suro in date 1 muharram every year,now every people celebrate after sunset because the new year of Java is begin from night until morning. Those are rituals that is done by common people in central Java :

Kumkum

Kumkum is soaking all body into a river,or a spring.

Ruwatan

Ritual that purpose to remove bad fate or removing bad luck of someone caused by sin in the past,ruwatan is begin by played puppet shadow.

Kirab kebo bule

Bring and take an albino buffalo around city,that is symbol of prosperity. It is a sacred animal,this buffalo was kept by royal palace of Surakarta city.

Ngumbah keris

That's mean clean the keris,they clean the weapon as a symbol of purification.

Lek lekan

People do not sleep all one night,their activity are chatting,or eating with neighborhood.

Tirakatan

Is ritual of meditation,people do it to clean up the mind and find tranquilite.

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=satu+suro&btnG=&tbm=isch#mhpiv=19

Source :

http://www.google.co.id/search?q=satu+suro&tbm=isch&ei=ed8RWPChIMfYvATI57HgCQ&start=20&sa=N#mhpiv=18